The Road Into the Open Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Road Into the Open - Essay Example She is a youthful Jewish lady from a Jewish working class foundation. In this time of First World War each religion and network is on the limit of changing themselves. This tale can be investigated mentally by featuring three characters Georg,Brennan and Anna Rosner. Georg being a rich noble has relationship with Jewish elites of the town .He shares his relaxation time with Jewish men who are in accordance with his enthusiasm and ability shrewd tendency. In a similar range of time, Georg winds up taking part in an extramarital entanglements with a Jewish young lady who is a vocalist and a participant in his melodic social occasions. Georg adored Anna and impregnates her with a kid .simultaneously, he is destroyed because of his personality of a rich aristocrat and his sweetheart who is a white collar class ladies. Georg is in an issue in order to figure out which class he would support, regardless of whether it is his rich Jewish brains, himself who is a rich Christian or Anna, this working class sweetheart who is an artist. The political foundation of the novel is war approaching Austria, its contentions and deteriorated feeling that current among Christians and Jews. These Jews had moved from Israel and Pale stein to Central European districts. Along the novel, one of the characters Bermann discloses to youthful Georg that in the event that one is resolved, at that point he/she can accomplish the opportunity they need regardless of what the circumstance might be. Here the Jewish are endeavoring to keep up their very own particular culture amidst Central European Country which is Austria. Brennan is bringing up to Georg that each individual can have his own answers for the issue however the genuine triumph is accomplished when one overcomes their annoyance, misery and nauseate. Brennen hear represents the piece of Jewish people group who is on to a disintegrative stage because of the matchless quality of Christians in the focal Europe. He is of the feeling that Jews must join together and live agreeably among Christians to deliver harmony and peacefulness. During those occasions, Christians had a contention

Background And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay

Foundation And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay Language appraisal is an instrument for language instructors to distinguish the understudies qualities and shortcomings in language learning, to put the understudy into a program and to quantify the utilization of English in four essential aptitudes (perusing, composing, tuning in, and talking). The evaluation should be possible by such strategies as tests, meetings, or perceptions. For language educators, the tests give proof of the aftereffects of learning and guidance, and subsequently input on the adequacy of the showing program (Bachman Palmer, 1996, p. 8). The test outcomes empower the understudies to build up their presentation in language adapting viably. What's more, it is critical to choose the most appropriate language tests which react to the particular objectives of instructing. Language instructors ought to likewise comprehend the capacities and the qualities of the language tests completely. Numerous specialists and analysts in language testing (Bachman Palmer, 1996; B rown, 1996; Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000) classify four sorts of language tests dependent on the test purposes and capacities as follows: (1) Proficiency Tests are intended to gauge general language abilities, including talking, tuning in, perusing and composing. Moreover, capability tests by and large assistance instructors to set up passage and leave measures for an educational program (Brown, 1996, p. 9). For example, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) are right now utilized by numerous colleges where English language capability is required. (2) Achievement Tests are focused on the level of learning or how much advancement the understudies have made (McNamara, 2000). So accomplishment tests are legitimately applicable to the objectives of learning and guidance. These tests can be given in the center or toward the end of the program (Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000). (3) Diagnostic Tests are set up to examine the understudies qualities and shortcomings in the learning procedure (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003). These tests are directed toward the start of the program (Brown, 1996). (4) Placement Tests are centered around screening the understudies to see whether they can concentrate in a program and gathering the understudies in a similar degree of language capability (Hughes, 2003). Henceforth, the aftereffects of these tests will empower the educators to precisely put the understudies entering any organization or program (Bachman Palmer, 1996). Notwithstanding an away from of the capacities and the attributes of language tests, language instructors need to comprehend the development of those tests. There are two methodologies which have an effect on test development: the discrete-point approach and the integrative methodology (Hughes, 2003). For the discrete-point approach, language instructors see every language part independently, estimating each language expertise in turn, for example, testing sentence structure or jargon (Brown, 1996; McNamara, 2000). In language testing, discrete-point tests accentuate language structure as opposed to language use (McNamara, 2000). In any case, the discrete-point test results concentrating on a solitary language segment are insufficient to decide the understudies language capability (Jitendra Rohena-Diaz, 1996). As an outcome, Oller (1979) recommends that instructors should develop language tests utilizing the integrative methodology. In the integrative methodology, the language educators see language all in all, underlining both beneficial and open abilities (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000). Integrative tests, for example, cloze, transcription, composing an article, and meeting, can quantify a few abilities at the same time (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003). In addition, integrative tests are appropriate for surveying language capability and informative abilities (Brown, 1996; McNamara, 2000). McNamara (2000) battles that integrative tests set aside a ton of effort to develop and score, as appeared in Table 1. Be that as it may, cloze tests are accounted for to be less tedious, simpler to score, and progressively solid in estimating understudies English language capability (Oller, 1979). The cloze test was started by Taylor (1953, refered to in Oller Conrad, 1971). Initially, there were two sorts of cloze tests: a balanced cloze and an irregular cloze (see Example 1). The previous alludes to the cancellation of explicit sorts of words in a chose section, for example, relational words or articles. The last arrangements with a steady erasure of each nth word, for example, each fifth or seventh word. The understudies task is to fill in the erased part in the cloze section. Cloze tests can gauge syntactic structure, composed articulation and jargon just as understanding cognizance (Steinman, 2002). Furthermore, a few examinations (Aitken, 1977; Oller Conrad, 1971; Oller, 1979; Stubbs Tucker, 1974) demonstrate that the cloze test is a powerful instrument which is solid and legitimate to quantify English language capability. Be that as it may, the distinctive erasure rates affect the legitimacy and the estimation of the cloze test (Alderson, 1979, 1980, 1983, 2000). Klein- Braley (1997) includes that the cancellation rates utilized in cloze tests require long entries. On the off chance that a cloze test with the erasure of each fifth word gives 50 things, the content length ought to be at any rate 250 words (Oller, 1979). This issue has prompted the advancement another type of the cloze test which is known as the C-Test. The C-Test, one of the new cloze tests, was developed by Raatz and Klein-Braley (1981) so as to check whether it could be more successful than the first cloze tests in estimating the understudies English language capability. The development of the C-Test depends on a similar rule as that of the cloze test; in any case, just the second 50% of consistently word is erased as can be found in Example 2. In the C-Test, if the erased word contains a significantly number of letters, the second 50% of this word will be erased, for example, exper I e n c e (10 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its bigger part should be erased, for example, th e r e (5 letters). Besides, many research considers demonstrate that the C-Test is more successful and more solid than the first cloze (Connelly, 1997; Dã ¶rnyei Katona, 1992; Klein-Braley, 1985, 1997), but then, Dã ¶rnyei and Katona (1992) report that the C-Test is unreasonably hard for non-local understudies examining an objective la nguage, for example, English. Therefore, Thongsa-nga (1998) received the first C-Test to make it reasonable for Thai understudies considering English as an unknown dialect. Mimicking the C-Test development, Thongsa-nga (1998) proposed the New C-Test (the NC-Test) by erasing the second 50% of each third word so as to give more insights for the non-local test takers, as can be found in Example 2. As indicated by the examination of Thongsa-nga (1998), the NC-Test is utilized as a capability test for non-local understudies at an auxiliary school level. The discoveries uncover that the NC-Test is solid to survey the English language capability of these Thai Mathayomsuksa Six understudies. To the extent this specialist has had the option to set up, there has been no exploration examining the utilization of the NC-Test for non-local college understudies in Thailand. So the current investigation is intended to inspect the likenesses and the distinctions in utilizing the C-Test and the NC-Test in estimating the English la nguage capability of first-year Thai college understudies. Another type of the cloze test, the Modified C-Test (the MC-Test), otherwise called the X-Test, was created by Boonsathorn in 1987 (refered to in Boonsathorn, 1990, p. 46). For the MC-Test, the primary portion of consistently word is erased (see Example 3). In the MC-Test, if the complete number letters of the erased word is a considerably number, the main portion of this word will be erased, for example, d I s a gree (8 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its bigger part will be erased, for example, o t h er. As per Boonsathorn (1987), the main half erasure in the MC-Test contrasts and the C-Test. His examination reports that the MC-Test is more troublesome and segregates better than the C-Test. Some examination discoveries show that the MC-Test has high unwavering quality and legitimacy and can be utilized with cutting edge understudies (Kã ¶berl Sigott, 1996; Prapphal, 1994; Sigott Kã ¶berl, 1993; Wonghiransombat, 1998). So the MC-Test ought to be additionally ex amined to see its qualities and shortcomings in evaluating English language abilities. The MC-Test can be an elective sort for a superior evaluation of the English language capability of Thai college understudies, in spite of the fact that the investigation of Sigott and Kã ¶berl (1993) claims that the MC-Test is progressively hard for non-local speakers. Wonghiransombat (1998) at that point proposed the New Modified C-Test (the NMC-Test) so as to make the first MC-Test proper for non-local understudies (p. 23). The development of the NMC-Test depends on a similar rule as the MC-Test; be that as it may, the primary portion of each third word is erased to give more insights as appeared in Example 3. Furthermore, Wonghiransombat (1998) reports that the NMC-Test with the third beginning stage, or the third-word erasure, is simpler and has preferable segregation over the first MC-Test. Her investigation, the main research done in Thailand to analyze the utilization of the MC-Test and the NMC-Test at the postgraduate level, likewise shows that the NMC-Test can be used to gauge English language capability of Thai postgraduate understudies. In this manner, the current examination is additionally planned for looking at the similitudes and the distinctions in utilizing the first MC-Test and the NMC-Test in estimating English language capabilit y of the Thai college understudies. Notwithstanding the development of new dialect tests, language educators should additionally explore the understudies test-taking systems so as to approve the language test and to look at what language capacities the test can quantify (Cohen, 1994, 1998). Test-taking procedures can be characterized as the pr

What is Fair Credit

What is Fair Credit What is Fair Credit? What is Fair Credit?Borrowers with a fair credit score have room for growth if they are willing to be persistent.  Credit scores can be confusing. You might not always be certain of the meaning behind the three-digit number that comprises your credit score. But you generally can understand what it means to have a credit score that is “good” or “bad.”But what if you have a “fair” score? What exactly does that mean?Credit score reviewYour credit score is a three-digit number compiled by Fair, Isaac and Company, or FICO. FICO calculates your score using information about your payment history and debts that have been gathered by the three major credit bureaus.Your score is a number between 300 and 850. The higher this number, the better your odds of qualifying for loans and the better rates you can access.You also have a VantageScore, which is similar but was created more recently as a competitor to the FICO score.Fair credit“A ‘fair’ credit score falls in between a 580 -699 on the FICO and VantageScore Model rating charts,” said Beverly Friedmann, content manager for ReviewingThis. “Its technically right in the middle, above a bad or poor rating and below a good or excellent score. But while a fair credit rating is in the middle of the index and not considered poor, it is also not considered good (in terms of qualifying for loans and credit cards). Youll end up paying higher interest rates on any loans, cards, or mortgages with a fair score than someone with a good or excellent reputation.”Friedman also pointed out that there’s a… fair… degree of variance within that “fair” rating: “However, where you fall on this index can often make quite a difference. A few points can change the way lending companies interact with you, and a 580 score is quite different than a 699 score. Its important to bear in mind, however, that fair credit is certainly superior to poor credit. You can qualify for different loans and credit cards and rebuil d your reputation score easily, which is very challenging for those with poor or bad credit scores.”If you find out that you have fair credit, you should take that as a sign that you have room to grow while not letting any bad habits you have drag your credit down into the “poor” range.Moving beyond fairPayment history is the most important factor contributing to your credit score, followed by the amount of debts you currently owe. That is why Nathan Wade, managing editor for WealthFit Money, recommends focusing your attention in that direction.“Having fair credit means youre much closer to improving it than someone with bad credit,” he said. “Ensure that youre paying bills on time, pay off any debt youre in, and avoid applying for too much credit in a short period of time. Its also important to look for any mistakes on your credit reports and dispute them immediately.”You can get a free copy of your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com. Do not use any other sourc es to get a copy of your credit report, no matter how catchy their jingle might be, as it could be an attempt to scam you.How credit cards can help (if used wisely)Since you don’t have poor credit, you don’t have to be quite as risky about taking out loans, though you should still utilize significant discretion.While you should heed Wade’s warning about applying for too many different forms of credit too quickly, a credit card can be a good way to build your credit score, as long as you don’t use it too much and you pay off your entire bill each month. If you are paying off your whole bill each month, then it won’t matter that the interest rates on your card might be higher since you won’t actually have to pay any interest anyway. However, if you aren’t paying off the full amount, you will end up owing more on the balance and hurting your credit utilization ratio.You could also consider a secured credit card to help build your credit. This is a credit card that require s the user to put down cash as collateral, but it is easier for borrowers to qualify.Building credit can be a long and dedicated process, but you should feel encouraged in the knowledge that you aren’t starting from the bottom. Pay down your debts in full and on time, and you’ll be well on your way to “good” credit before you know it.For more information on credit scores and how they work, check out the following:6 Scary Facts About Bad Credit ScoresA Brief History of Credit ScoresAm I Alone? The Number of People With Poor Credit in AmericaCan You Repair Bad Credit for Free? Yes and NoHave Bad Credit? Heres What it Means and How You Can Fix It  |  InstagramContributorsBeverly Friedmann  works as a content manager for the consumer website  ReviewingThis,  has a background in sales and marketing management, and is from New York, NY.   Find more information on Twitter  @ReviewingThis.Nathan Wade is the Managing Editor for WealthFit Money. Find more information on Twitter  @GetW ealthFit.

Egypt And Mesopotamia - 917 Words

Architecture in Egypt and Mesopotamia When you think about ancient architecture, what questions arise? Do you ask yourself about its history, durability, and structure? For example, Egypt is known for its pyramids, while Mesopotamia is known for its temple. Both are influential and recognizable after so many years and will continue to be for years to come, those questions come without a doubt to mind. In the following paragraphs, these questions will be answered and explained in depth regarding these two civilizations, Egypt and Mesopotamia. In Egypt, architecture started in what was considered to be the Early Dynamic period and construction lasted about 20 to 40 years to complete. The Pyramids were built to honor†¦show more content†¦Egyptians used sand and stones, whereas Mesopotamians used clay and mud. Egypt structures are visited by tourists year around. However, the Meidum Pyramid did cease to last and collapsed because it was resting on sand versus rocks. In which, the Mesopotamians mud brick technique was later adapted by the Egyptians. Unfortunately, for Mesopotamia there is only one structure that still remains, a few were reconstructed and others were just gathered from archeological evidence. Historical evidence collected indicate climate change, affected the soil caused by mineral salt leading to broken bricks. Another reason for the reconstruction was power domination by the Elamites, they destroyed and rebuilt on the same location either being the same structure or ones similar to the previous wit h modifications. These two civilizations have brought the most memorable structures, considering the techniques used and unique designs. Egypt will always be admired for the Great Pyramid of Giza, known as one of the last original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ( Mark, 2016 ). The great pyramid of Giza was constructed as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu, including three chambers with two mortuary temples and three known as satellite pyramids dedicated to Khufus wives. Architectures also known to be constructed by the Egyptians are Zoser’s Necropolis built as a mortuary tomb for Pharaoh Djoser, it was surrounded by decorations and ceremonial structures. The Great Sphinx of Giza is knownShow MoreRelatedMesopotamia Vs. Egypt Mesopotamia1020 Words   |  5 PagesBuckley C Block History Mr. Kelly 10/2/15 Mesopotamia vs. Egypt Mesopotamia and Egypt were very different because of their geography and world view. Mesopotamia was often flooded because of their bad geography, but the land around the Nile river was built well so the Egyptians didn t have to worry about the river flooding as often. The land in Mesopotamia was often attacked and invaded. Ultimately the geography of Egypt was significantly better than Mesopotamia because of the benefits of the nile riverRead MoreAncient Egypt, Mesopotamia, And Mesopotamia1337 Words   |  6 PagesIn ancient Egypt, Rome and Mesopotamia the connections that the people had with their rulers stemmed from their belief that their ruler had a close connection with their God’s. Because of the vast role that religion played in their lives it was important to show their admiration and appreciation for these royal beings. From a psychological standpoint, through their style, significance, and idealization, Mesopotamia, Egypt and Rome’s depictions of royalty wit hin their artworks functioned as the bestRead MoreMesopotamia and Egypt Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesof Mesopotamia and Egypt. Both have many significant similarities and differences. I would like to compare some important points in four common categories. I will compare and contrast the geography and its impact, the political structure of each society, the importance of their existing class structures and finally the role of women in these dynamic civilizations. Mesopotamia and Egypt were both in flood basins of major rivers. Mesopotamia wasRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities751 Words   |  4 Pages Mesopotamia and Egypt were both part of the creation of the worlds first civilizations. These countries shared many similarities and differences within their society, political structure, and their religions. Mesopotamian and Egypt both flourished near rivers in which enabled them to become an agricultural enriched society. While both civilizations had the advantage of the rivers, Egypt did not have the fertile hinterland that allowed Mesopotamia to excel in agriculture. Through a political standpointRead MoreEgypt Mesopotamia Comparison961 Words   |  4 PagesEgypt and Mesopotamia Comparison In order to completely understand the relationship between two events, comparing and contrasting is necessary. Through comparing similarities and differences it is easier to analyze why things developed and occurred the way they did. For example, in comparing Egypt and Mesopotamia it will be easier to achieve understanding of major aspects of their culture, the way other cultures impacted them, and their influence on the future. InRead MoreEgypt, Mesopotamia, And Israel1418 Words   |  6 Pagesprey. This began civilizations that were controlled by leadership, organization, innovative technology and mainly by geography. An example of these civilizations are Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Israel. Each of these civilizations had their own advantages, Egypt was brought fertile land from the regular floodings by the Nile River, Mesopotamia was located in the fertile crescent and Israel was in between both of these advanced civilizations, this brought them many new ideas that they would integr ate intoRead MoreEgypt and Mesopotamia Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagestime. Two of the most advanced were Egypt and Mesopotamia. Although both had a male dominant government that was supported by a patriarchal king or leader, Egypt had a strong, centralized government whereas Mesopotamia was decentralized and was based upon small city-states operating independently. To add, Egypt was also classified as self sufficient rather than Mesopotamia who relied on trade because of unstable agriculture. Due to Egypt surpassing Mesopotamia in areas such as governmental structureRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities984 Words   |  4 PagesPaper 1 In what ways were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt alike? In what ways were they different? What accounts for these similarities and differences? Mesopotamia and Egypt were the first known civilizations in history. While maintaining separate identities, they still managed to have a vast number of similarities. Differences that go beyond general location were also very prevalent between the two civilizations. One of the biggest similarities between the two civilizations isRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities1368 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Egyptian and Mesopotamian Views of Living Egypt is a country found on the northeast corner of Africa. While Mesopotamia is found between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates in the western part of the Middle East. Both of these countries share the Mediterranean Sea. Even though in distance they did not seem far apart they had similarities, and differences in their two cultures. Both Egypt and Mesopotamia had unique religions, writing systems, literature, scientific achievements, art, and intricateRead MoreMesopotamia, Egypt and the Hebrews1953 Words   |  8 PagesOctober 10th, 1994 Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Hebrews Their development from the 3rd millennium to 2nd C.E. When the canonization of the Hebrew Holy (TaNaKh) took place. Frank Mancini irg@ix.netcom.com MESOPOTAMIA Mesopotamia was the land of four primary civilizations: the Sumerian, the Akkadians, the Babylonian and the Assyrians. The Hebrews, like the Akkadians, belong to a group of people known as Semites and from there we can see the influence of Mesopotamian

The Aztec Calendar Stone - Not a Calendar After All

The Aztec Calendar Stone, better known in the archaeological literature as the Aztec Sun Stone (Piedra del Sol in Spanish), is an enormous basalt disk covered with hieroglyphic carvings of calendar signs and other images referring to the Aztec creation myth. The stone, currently on display at the National Museum of Anthropology (INAH) in Mexico City, measures about 3.6 meters (11.8 feet) in diameter, is about 1.2 m (3.9 ft) thick and weighs more than 21,000 kilograms (58,000 pounds or 24 tons). Aztec Sun Stone Origins and Religious Meaning The so-called Aztec Calendar Stone was not a calendar, but most likely a ceremonial container or altar linked to the Aztec sun god, Tonatiuh, and festivities dedicated to him. At its center is what is typically interpreted as the image of the god Tonatiuh, within the sign Ollin, which means movement and represents the last of the Aztec cosmological eras, the Fifth Sun. Tonatiuhs hands are depicted as claws holding a human heart, and his tongue is represented by a flint or obsidian knife, which indicates that a sacrifice was required so that the sun would continue its movement in the sky. At Tonatiuhs sides are four boxes with the symbols of the preceding eras, or suns, along with the four directional signs. Tonatiuhs image is surrounded by a broad band or ring containing calendrical and cosmological symbols. This band contains the signs of the 20 days of the Aztec sacred calendar, called Tonalpohualli, which, combined with 13 numbers, made up the sacred 260-day year. A second outer ring has a set of boxes each containing five dots, representing the five-day Aztec week, as well as triangular signs probably representing sun rays. Finally, the sides of the disk are carved with two fire serpents which transport the sun god in his daily passage through the sky. Aztec Sun Stone Political Meaning The Aztec sun stone was dedicated to Motecuhzoma II and was likely carved during his reign, 1502-1520. A sign representing the date 13 Acatl, 13 Reed, is visible on the surface of the stone. This date corresponds to the year 1479 AD, which, according to archaeologist Emily Umberger is an anniversary date of a politically crucial event: the birth of the sun and the rebirth of Huitzilopochtli as the sun. The political message for those who saw the stone was clear: this was an important year of rebirth for the Aztec empire, and the emperors right to rule comes directly from the Sun God and is embedded with the sacred power of time, directionality, and sacrifice. Archaeologists Elizabeth Hill Boone and Rachel Collins (2013) focused on the two bands which frame a conquest scene over 11 enemy forces of the Aztecs. These bands include serial and repeating motifs that appear elsewhere in Aztec art (crossed bones, heart skull, bundles of kindling, etc.) which represent death, sacrifice, and offerings. They suggest that the motifs represent petroglyphic prayers or exhortations advertising the success of the Aztec armies, recitations of which might have been part of the ceremonies which took place on and around the Sun Stone. Alternative Interpretations Although the most prevalent interpretation of the image on the Sun Stone is that of Totoniah, others have been proposed. In the 1970s, a few archaeologists suggested that the face was not Totoniahs but rather that of the animate earth Tlateuchtli, or perhaps the face of the night sun Yohualteuctli. Neither of these suggestions has been accepted by the majority of Aztec scholars. American epigrapher and archaeologist David Stuart, who typically specializes in Maya hieroglyphs, has suggested that it may well be a deified image of the Mexica ruler Motecuhzoma II. A hieroglyph at the top of the stone names Motecuhzoma II, interpreted by most scholars as a dedicatory inscription to the ruler who commissioned the artifact. Stuart notes that there are other Aztec representations of ruling kings in the guise of gods, and he suggests that the central face is a fused image of both Motecuhzoma and his patron deity Huitzilopochtli. History of the Aztec Sun Stone Scholars surmise that the basalt was quarried somewhere in the southern basin of Mexico, at least 18-22 kilometers (10-12 miles) south of Tenochtitlan. After its carving, the stone must have been located in the ceremonial precinct of Tenochtitlà ¡n, laid horizontally and likely near where ritual human sacrifices took place. Scholars suggest that it may have been used as an eagle vessel, a repository for human hearts (quauhxicalli), or as a base for the final sacrifice of a gladiatorial combatant (temalacatl). After the  conquest, the Spanish moved the stone a few hundred meters south of the precinct, in a position facing upward and near the Templo Mayor and the Viceregal Palace. Sometime between 1551-1572, the religious officials in Mexico City decided the image was a bad influence on their citizens, and the stone was buried facing down, hidden within the sacred precinct of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Rediscovery The Sun Stone was rediscovered in December 1790, by workmen who conducted leveling and repaving work on Mexico Citys main plaza. The stone was pulled to a vertical position, where it was first examined by archaeologists. It stayed there for six months exposed to the weather, until June of 1792, when it was moved into the cathedral. In 1885, the disk was moved to the early Museo Nacional, where it was held in the monolithic gallery--that journey was said to have required 15 days and 600 pesos. In 1964 it was transferred to the new Museo Nacional de Anthropologia in Chapultepec Park, that journey only taking 1 hour, 15 minutes. Today it is displayed on the ground floor of the National Museum of Anthropology, in Mexico City, within the Aztec/Mexica exhibition room. Edited and updated by  K. Kris Hirst. Sources: Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Boone EH, and Collins R. 2013. The Petroglyphic Prayers on the . Ancient Mesoamerica 24(02):225-241.un Stone of Motecuhzoma IlhuicaminaS Smith ME. 2013. The Aztecs. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Stuart D. 2016. The Face of the Calendar Stone: A New Interpretation. Maya Decipherment: June 13, 2016. Umberger E. 2007. Art History and the Aztec Empire: Dealing With the Evidence of Sculptures. Revista Espaà ±ola de Antropologà ­a American 37:165-202 Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005. The Aztecs. New Perspectives. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO Inc.

Ethical Challenges and Agency Issues Free Essays

When an agent finds out that they are going overbudget or over the allotted time limit the most critical element is open communication. With open communication it gives management more advance warning earlier in the budget cycle to make changes that can get the project back on track. The most important element management needs is ample time to make corrections to keep the project on budget and within time constraints. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Challenges and Agency Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more time management has the better their chances are of getting the proper resources aligned to get the budget back under control. If the budget issues are due to the client not properly keeping records, the agency could word the contract in a way that allows provisions for adjustments which would enable the agency to form a financial or time resolution with the client. A contract that allows for those types of adjustments limits agency issues and will keep a better working relationship between the two parties. The main issue is deciding what party is responsible or accountable for an overbudget project. If the agency can demonstrate why the budget is off to the client and be able to charge extra for the additional work the agency could delegate more resources to get the project completed in time as well. It is critical for the agency to have open communication between its team members, but it is just as crucial for the agency to be honest with the client as well. The ethical issue that arises with being overbudget is that individual employees don’t want to be penalized or face repercussions for their performance so they delay reporting results to management. When employees are afraid to report shortfalls earlier in the process it can lead to higher costs and major agency issues. The sooner the agent can show the client that planning or reporting issues are occurring they can make vital decisions to get the project back in line. Employees need to objectively think about others involved in their future with the company and client. As long as individuals clarify expectations and apply ethics to a situation it is possible to get a project back on budget. The agency can delegate more resources to an area that needs more manpower or money to get the project completed as promised to the client. Executive Pay Analyzing the ethical challenges as well as any agency issues in the Level of Executive Pay Case Study brings forth hidden issues in the New York Stock Exchange. To better analyze these issues one first has to ask oneself the following question, what is the true definition of ethics. Wheelwright defined ethics as â€Å"that branch of philosophy which is the systematic study of reflective choice, of the standards of right and wrong by which it is to be guided, and of the goods toward which it may ultimately be directed. † Did Mr.  Richard (Dick) Grasso violate any ethical standards set forth by the organization he was representing; did he really violate the systematic study of reflective choice, of the standards of right and wrong? In order to get a straight answer to this question it will dependent in which side of the fence one might find oneself in; if you are on the side of the lucky ones that happens to earn this outrageous sums of money then the answer would be no. But if you find oneself in the other side of the fence with the individuals who earn an average salary that would never get the opportunity to reach the levels of aristocracy that Mr.  Grasso reached then the answer would be yes. The ethical roles on all companies play a big role on the decision making of each enterprise. Before and after Mr. Grasso was hired it was customary to compensate top officials with these large sums of money. Top officials in the NYSE never had to disclose their earning to the public or to the SEC before so it’s hard to say any ethical standards were bent or even broken. This type of compensation to top NYSE officials was customary and there were no real intentions to misguide or mislead the public or the SEC. Just because not everyone in the NYSE had access to potentially earn this outrageous sums of money will indicate to the public that these individuals were directly involved in unethical behavior. All companies in today’s business society have a code of conduct implemented but this does not means that it is being followed. What companies are doing is creating rewards methods in order to retain the services of these top business gurus that would help their business to maximize their profits and Mr. Grasso track record spoke for itself. These incentive programs can help businesses to minimize any unethical attempts to their code of conduct. The general public and the SEC are outrage because of the outlandish compensation top NYSE officials receives but at no point during the case study it mentions that these top officials have a salary cap. One believes that since there were no salary cap on how much NYSE officials might earn there are no ethical implications that could discourage NYSE official from making these large sums of money. What one does believe is that if there are established codes of conduct and employees or management violates them, there should be strict actions taken to prevent the problem from worsening. One believes that all employees including management needs to uphold the highest level of ethical conduct if a company wants to be successful. 1933, 1934, and SOX The financial information users usually rely on opinion of independent auditors to make important economic decisions. To protect users’ interest from fraudulent financial statement, security acts of 1933, 1934, and SOX joined in to ensure adequate information disclosure. The acts provide regulation that goes beyond and requires more extensive disclosure than GAAP to govern corporate financial activities. For example, companies must fill audited annual and unaudited interim financial statements in conformity with regulation S-k. In addition, the regulation S-K governs the footnote disclosure in the financial statements. Congress enacted the acts after the stock market crash in 1929 to regulate the trading of securities to the public. For this reasons, security trading companies must register with SEC prior to issuance of security to ensure that information presented to investor for making accounting decisions is correct. In the aftermath of the famous corporate accounting scandal (Enron) that rock the world market, congress enacted the Sarbanes- Oxley Act (sox) to strengthen corporate accountability and governance of public companies. The provision increases the CEO and auditors responsibilities. CEO and other top executive must certify that company financial statement and other disclosures are fairly presented in accordance with GAAP. In other words, CEO is responsible to ensure that material misstatement does not exist in the financial statement presented to the users. SOX also authorize the Public Company accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) to oversee the activities of the registered accounting firm. This changes the way auditors plan, implement and report the audit. The provision increases penalties that could affect an accountant who is involve in the destruction, alternation, or falsification of records in federal investigations. Any violation of such may be subject to fines and imprisonment of up to 20 years, additional training, new quality control procedure, revocation of firm’s registration, and barring from participating in audit of public companies. How to cite Ethical Challenges and Agency Issues, Essay examples

Secret Recipe IMC plan Essay Example

Secret Recipe IMC plan Essay A major difference for managers operating on international markets is the impact all these currents and cross-currents have on the competitive landscape. Wilson and Gilligan (2003) define marketing as getting the competitive advantage and keeping it. The task of achieving this in a competitive environment where firms are subject to local, regional and global competition can be immensely challenging. This is especially so if indigenous local competitors are supported by the government of the notary major difference for managers operating on international markets is the impact all these currents and cross-currents have on the competitive landscape. Wilson and Gilligan (2003) define marketing as getting the competitive advantage and keeping it. The task of achieving this in a competitive environment where firms are subject to local, regional and global competition can be immensely challenging. This is especially so if indigenous local competitors are supported by the government of he country major difference for managers operating on international markets is the is especially so If Indigenous local competitors are supported by the government of the country A major difference for managers operating on International markets Is the Impact all Gilligan (2003) define marketing as getting the competitive advantage and keeping It. The task of achieving this In a competitive environment where firms are subject to local, regional and global competition can be Immensely challenging. We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Recipe IMC plan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Recipe IMC plan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Recipe IMC plan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This Is specially so If Indigenous local competitors are supported by the government of the country major difference for managers operating on International markets Is the Impact all these currents and cross-currents have on the competitive landscape. Keeping It. The task of achieving this In a competitive environment where firms are subject to local, regional and global competition can be Immensely challenging.